Thursday, June 6, 2019

Megger’s Article Response Essay Example for Free

Meggers Article Response EssayBetty J. Meggers article, Environmental Limitation on the Development of Culture, examines how environsal habitats like a shot affect and influence culture. Meggers discusses the differing environmental types and its resulting effect on the people and their cultural development. Her theoretical framework is grounded on the idea that the relationship between culture and its environment is not only based in terms of subsistence (802), but largely to a cultures experience with diffusion (822). Diffusion can opera hat be defined as a process in which a cultural trait, idea, or behavior is spread from one society to another. While she does deliberate that the relative strength or weakness of an environment to provide a suitable means for sustenance production affects the adaptation and advancement of a culture, she as well believes that cultural diffusion plays a vital role as well. jibe to Meggers, the world(a) belief is that environmental potent iality is the sole conditioner of cultural development (801). The sail of environmental habitats into classified into 4 environmental types, ranging from guinea pig 1 environments, which have the least agricultural potential, to grapheme 4 environments, which have unlimited agricultural potential.Meggers does chiefly seem to agree that the environmental type can set limitations on the level of development a culture is able to obtain (816). Because Type 1 environments have the least agricultural potential, tribes must subsist mainly by hunting, fishing, and gathering. Cultures that live in Type 1 environments are relatively small in population size and tend to lead more of a nomadic lifestyle, a necessary part of life because they must continually follow their food source.As a result, their existence is noticeably simplistic because their primary focus is on satisfying only their very basic needs such as shelter and food. This type of environment results in a culture where fond organization and technology is very limited in scope. The nomadic lifestyle necessitates that tribes go on relatively small, therefore making the single family the basic social unit. Additionally, technology remains limited to only the most essential tools and utensils due to the limited resources available.According to Meggers, Type 1 and Type 2 environments seem to prohibit cultural advancement because of the limitations imposed on a culture by the environment and the general lack of a suitable source of diffusion. Conversely, Type 4 environments have unlimited agricultural potential because they possess all the ideal conditions necessary for sustaining agriculture. Meggers calls Type 4 environments the cradles of civilization (804) because of their ability to develop and implement the technology necessary to sustain an agriculturally based lifestyle.Type 4 environments are typified by their complex social organization and cultural advancements. Meggers states that Type 4 civiliz ations are elaborate due to their intensive production of food and the necessary means of distribution. However, Meggers also believes that success of Type 3 and Type 4 environments to advance culturally is also heavily influenced by diffusion across cultures, or a cultures relative exposure and borrowing of differing cultural norms, beliefs, and behaviors.

No comments:

Post a Comment

Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.