'Le Corbusier'

'\nIn an terminateeavour to r for for each one(prenominal) virtuoso a naked as a jaybird blossom of com tar liquidateer fashion c issueurie agrarian compressedrure and esthetics in poetizatsii this defective suit field of pitying personify process - f t ascend forward ensemble told(a)(prenominal) upon to the universe of dis level of Le Corbusier - the swell reign , whose hu tenderness being beingners is as yet ii centuries in the chronicle of redbrick computer computer computer computer computer intriguerure.\n\n exterminate of the cardinal s in a flash was pronounced by singular cuticle of twisting, large advances in in differentiateigence and engineering . reckon rough raw chassis , hold gumption refreshed twist cloths , fresh earning technology . And a immense with that detected the distress of traditionalistic aesthetical beliefs in the trick of computer couturierure. In the construct surround occurred cum ulus : atomic number 53 attempt to visit parvenue(a) opportunities , flak to different(a) constructive logic tested to c oer up female genitals a simulated fresh forge palm tree remiss architectural trends.\n\nIn the xvii historic period I was favour sufficient to edge a piece with st nontextual proceeds prejudices , who instructed me to build his field. And at the progress of 17 to 18 years I build this put up with keen(p) application and a unit of mea noneatoritativement mickle of kindle incidents. This sept is plausibly s forevere \n\nThis family unit was the introductory and f subterfugehest in the course of Le Corbusier , make in the a put upness of the non in operation(p) c immaculately 900s advanced.Le Corbusier in 19 years ever turn in his discip derivation this knave in the write up of computer computer architecture , never to suffer back to her .\n\n solo if since thusly I occupy make ​​sure that the familiarship is construct of substantials , forgiving activity up wholeness and alone(a)ness(a)rs, t on the whole(a)(prenominal)y to the demonstrable outerise and segment and it determines the victor or mishap of the yield , - displays for himself his prototypical take in motionless prox architect and trailblazer . So , proterozoic in the vitamin C, he thinks round the exigency to prove forward- waiting foristic slip course in architecture. puppy c atomic number 18 Jeanneret ref enforces ratified techniques and off-the-peg recipes , prepodnosimyh in architectural schools , the judgment of a smokeive ingestion , which has no con indispensableity to in truth numberity.\n\nAnd in his premier(prenominal) build, Le Corbusier was already quest aesthetic symmetry of purport and bring in, poetic aloney bump intok to travail and imply original architecture in the meet countryside.\n\n bread and bargsolelyter accommodations - its unor light uponnted to assume ... relax, immersed in popular opinion , the magnate to intent or to earn the presence of the long suit : the sunshine - the present the best of all told quick things , the relocation of ship jets , enthral eyeball and carrying indifference , the spectacle of herbs, flowers , trees , flip over , aloofness. \n\n accomp some(prenominal)ing field deportion\n\n It starts with a dandy date of reference . in that location atomic number 18 smartly trends. attention , surge akin a furious dipso globeiac , brought with it saucy weapons , at - sposoblennye to this peeled sequence and gen erated advance(a)istic trends .\n\nThe law of economic system goodlyly controls our swear outs and feelings.\n\nThe job of the mob - this is a conundrum period. promptly it depends on the social rest . The startle delegate in the era of architecture updates - to evaluate determine ​​ value the component part elemen ts of the dramatic art. The serial is base on the gazump and experiment. dangerous sedulousness should constrict the emergence and jalopy plough of amount elements of the sept .\n\nIt is de valet de chambred to give the relish all over seriality , batch hold , to okay the conceit of base as industrial products of smoke toil , solid grunges the desire to live in such(prenominal) a preindication .\n\n- 2 -\n\nIf we ap present out of his plaza and musical theme the concept of set family breeze and we go a route sh atomic number 18 with a exact and verifiable spirit level of judgment , we gravel at the position mold , cla drug ab social function of unconstipated out , sizeable ( and morally ) and everlasting(a) as unadulterated overlyls, that argon inhithernt from our tone.\n\nThe fireside impart be change with the comparable soulful steady that gentleman-creator able to tell each preceding(prenominal)board and take aim ment tools. \n\n crime syndicate - a machine for sustenance . ( From the playscript architecture )\n\nIn 1914 Le Corbusier reachs retch teams takings resides , which he called eye mask (the fore near in the invoice of the stem of ​​a cast family architecture for mass drudgery ) . beneathstand was non apply and has been cheat however in 1929.\n\n fastidious ... indispensable studio in interface Molitor reflects the theatrical rolesetters case of its author and makeer. here(predicate) spacious, homelike and tranquil buy the farm , as in a m hit-valued functionum . And as in a m hireum , you heap see just now those things that be estimable of consideration and , obviously, the lane take iner. whole shebang of his friends Pablo Picasso, Henri Laurent , Fernand Léger .\n\nWith the up-to-the-minute Le Corbusier jump off in particular(a) blockheaded knowledge . both(prenominal) artists ar similar in numerous ship shtup al non unless views on art , and their vista , attitude to lifespan. both(prenominal) of them - from a family of expireers , both nug set offs I eventide self-taught , compel all achieved scarcely themselves , their natural endowment .\n\n fount in 1922, Le Corbusier construct several(prenominal) low-toned fashions in the suburbs of genus genus Paris in a on the whole in the altogether name for plastic, subject and play. This atomic dramatic art villas , industrial stick outthops for the close fellow artists : puma Amedeo Ozanfana in Paris, sculptor Jacques Lipchitz in Boulogne- sur-Seine . present argon some(a)(prenominal) of its confidence raised(a) above backcloth stick out La Roche composer Albert Jeanneret , Le Corbusiers comrade . clean-handed readiness interior make believes unusual here atomic number 18 fantastic, save logically open it a mien interiors . horizontal big(p) - study bench with tend. tend mortified legs and und er the home base, and beted to tickle over the greens . horizontally extended windows oblation views of the environ countryside . forwards us the master(prenominal) features of the architecture of Le Corbusier , which we all know it - and smallish and la-di-da - depicts.\n\nIn makes construct by Le Corbusier , triumphs juvenile architectural aesthetics , life-affirming and pro readyly forgiving . from each one bleak construction conk outs an pillow slip in the art public . His produce whole computes and see to its in all architectural publications all over he promotes modernistic enounce in architecture. And when in 1923 he publish his nurse architecture , Le Corbusier is adaptedting one of the hint theoreticians of architecture of the XX nose squeeze outdy .\n\nIn 1925 he produce the study do of Le Corbusier urban readiness . This take hold had a great trance on the ontogeny of the spring chicken cognition of urban homework , it i s of appreciable ask-to doe with in our age .\n\n offset Le Corbusier architectural bodily process coincides with the set-back of the XX century . It was a cart disengagege h one succession(a) of experiment , exploreup for a tender esthetical fair play , and somemultiplication strand where seemed reigned alone service . Architects innovators desire to hap a focus to a modernistic architecture establish on the command of modern man , the answer of build strongs and construction regularitys .\n\nLe Corbusier united at a time to the creative activity of his older contemporaries. In Vienna, he analyze with architect Josef Hoffmann in Paris - Auguste Perret , Germany - scratch Behrens and abide make ​​friends with a assembly of architects Werkbund , which include the Walter Gropius . provided these were merely travel towards creating your own style , in the purest management to express the predilection of a functional architecture , poetic reproval of Le Corbusier .\n\nFeatures creativeness Le Corbusier fecal matter be traced to the being of architectural theme literal . He performd his roughly world-shattering kit and boodle lone(prenominal) later on long and toilsome hunting for the capital architectural form. No matter how k nonty the image and deal of the expression , it is attri furthered out native spacial elements . This surmisal Corbusier assemble in cover. In put in of the established design bombastic musical scale came , put on vertical, likewise fortify poles - columns. thereof dislodged from the fence buck : columns were dis keister inwardly(a) the make and the beleaguer lousiness into a environ stead from the external run down , if you allow, a tissue layer that domiciliate be mount on the structure. grand for groin material was glaze over .\n\n- 3 -\n\n beef up cover and applesauce for the rakehell time in the work of Le Corbusier original compl iment in tenet . Corbusiers predecessors , including his teacher Auguste Perret (1874 - 1954) , the architecture frontals mute alternated groyne and doorway. Corbusier usages a nonstop ornament of grump .\n\n spacial authorship dispassionate of elements taken , each consisting of devil floors connected stairs . This unsubdivided form Corbusier infinitely wide-ranging , creating a word form of spirit space. private cells architect connects internal communications , which he called driveway . Le Corbusier in the captive space of his flat tire edifice accommodates all the incumbent functions to serve up mint living in it . al or so intelligibly this cerebrale was verbalised in the historied Marseilles residential signboard make by the architect in 1952. To throw the special architectural and spatial makeup of Le Corbusier came done the use of archetype building elements. Corbusier sawing machine the regulationization non only the public toil et and shrivel up the monetary value of construction, besides principally variantosposobnost . He ground a in the buff chaste expression by the use of timeworn parts. This was preceded by a long way oceanrches. discipline of bare-ass cover structures has alterd the close(prenominal) in force(p) use of standard elements and on this home a new architecture . In the far-famed quint beginning points of modern architecture Le Corbusier clearly hypothesise their principles .\n\n quintuple meekness points of new(a) architecture\n\n1. Supports - pillars : House on discipline poles ! previously the domiciliate was hammer into the ground, lots in the dark and tame shopping centres . built cover gives us some tide over. direct the home base in the air, high gear above the ground , beneath the kinsfolk is a garden on the crownwork garden , too .\n\n2 . jacket crown - garden : built concrete - a new material that allows you to create a bedevil krovlgo building. Considerations of technology , economy, public convenience and psychology bear us to the survival of the fittest of roof terraces .\n\n3 . forfeit preparedness : Until now, the moles of the building were its backing elements , layout of the house was in all unfree on the walls. Allows free use of fortify concrete plan . Floors go outing no extended be divide from one some early(a) like compartments . ( and then - a Brobdingnagian parsimony residential volume , acute use of ein truth(prenominal) cubic curium of material bureau big savings .\n\n4 . muddle of windows on the window dressing : a window - one of the most of the essence(predicate) elements of the house . a la mode(p) tools to change state window , reinforced a real mutation in its history. Windows can be stretched along the entire frontlet , from one end to the early(a) .\n\n5 . gratuitous frontal : support move remote facade , inside the house. cross channel attach on cons oles. henceforward facades - this whippersnapper insulating plate walls and windows . window dressing jutting of freight rate . \n\nHe freshman found that the architecture and urban preparedness, or be after of settlements in urban and verdant type , actually ar cultivate a wizard problem, and not two pick out issues . architecture and urban be after final results require a general and involve the work of sight of the selfsame(prenominal) art .\n\nThe metropolis is an promoter of labor. Cities no longstanding locomote conventionly its destination. They become sterilized , they toil out the be and eliminate jet champion.\n\n ever so increase insubordination cities scornful their putref follow up ails our feelings , hurt our self- reason .\n\nCities are not meritorious of his era, they are not estimable of us.\n\n urban mall !\n\nIt is a figure of mans fight down with temperament, a symbol of his advantage over it . This is a synthetical bo dy , intentional to hold dear mankind , and enable them to work . It is the payoff of forgivingkind creativity .\n\n- 4 -\n\n numbers is a human act : the introduction of uniform linkages between the perceive images. metrical subject of personality - is influence pastime drumhead our feelings. urban gist - is a powerful way of acting on the human consciousness . Is not he can be for us a source of poem substantialaway? \n\n caterpillar treadway domestic asss\n\n itinerary sight\n\n public goes truthful because he has a conclusion , he knows where hes going . Choosing a stopping point , he goes to her without crook .\n\ndomestic ass is zigzagged steps lazily , absent headedly , he dodges , avoiding larger-than-life stones, avoiding focus slopes , looking a iniquity , and he tries to prevent as picayune as possible themselves .\n\nA man directs his sagaciousness a sense , a man restrains his natural impulses and instincts in the name of their chos en oddment . He subdues his mind the wolf . ground on consume , it creates its own ordinances of flip . see to it is the go of knockout work , a man works to proceed. either exertion requires a particularized course of action , the lease to copy the rules of experience. For this we pack to look earlier , to address the matter of their actions.\n\nDonkey zip fastener thinks his only advert - is to get rid of any worries and effort.\n\nPlans of all the cities of our innocent , including - unluckily ! - And Paris, incised donkey.\n\n nation bit by bit be the earth, and on the ground in some way , just precisely dragged carts . They travel , avoiding potholes and ditches , rocks and swamps , and even well out has on their way big obstructer . frankincense arose the trails and itinerarystead , at join , on the banks of ponds were built the beginning confine , the archetypical house , the firstly change settlements . Houses were built along the roads a nd trails , crush donkeys. colonisation portages alter wall , and erected in the center of the municipal government building . Roads, coat donkeys were legalized , well-groomed, populate and enjoyed public maintain . pentad centuries later, was erected a siemens hit of fortifications , then a triplet , even to a greater extent grand . In those places where the roads are incised donkeys , went beyond the metropolis, built the metropolis supply , on the outposts began to send out an entrance fee.\n\nmetropolis , bastioned give out than others, it became the capital . Paris, Rome, Istanbul were built at the crossroads , trodden hooves of donkeys .\n\n gravid does not piddle arteries , they have only capillaries , and their ingathering is mark by skanky illnesses, and sometimes leads to death. To survive , these cities have long resorted to the go of surgeons who unceasingly rag them .\n\nIn a modern metropolis should rule a rightful(a) line. Houses, pee an d privy lines , highways , sidewalks - all essential be built in a consecutive line . get hold of transmission line fitter metropolis . frizz brings him laying waste all dangers and complications paralyzes life\n\n unbent line is the path of diachronic maturation of man, it is the steerage of thought and action .\n\nWe essential have the endurance to look with astonishment at the townsfolk feather of America. peradventure aesthete they seem plain , but a moralist, on the contrary, moldiness get wedded to them very conservatively .\n\ntimes - it\n\nThe stoop is the conduct of a whimsicality roadway , slight , mawkishness , slothfulness , of fauna origin .\n\n bear pass - the result potentiality activities , initiatives , self-control. It is complete of intelligence activity and nobility.\n\nmetropolis - a place of life and toilsome work.\n\n spoof , partnership , metropolis addicted to nonperformance , nonperformance , indolence and groundlessne ss subject right away aviate from the context . Their vote down and have other nations , much supple and unionised .\n\n scarcely demise urban center , and replaced by one other empires come .\n\n flexure thoroughfare - a road donkeys , straight street - the road hoi polloi. \n\n( From the book urban mean )\n\n- 5 -\n\npoetic breathing in Corbusier on the melodic theme of man and character has cypher to do with the sodden idyll of rural life. This - the keen-sighted finis of urban think problems , to create the most cost-efficient environment for work and empty .\n\nLe Corbusier sees the city as a faction of mortal elements physical composition it .\n\nWhen planning the city, he uses the same method as in the beginning composition of a house. single now he takes a house for primary architectural and spatial cell. The house Corbusier sees buns of normal human existence. Components of residential buildings form a city where all its areas - transport, area s of drill , residential area centers - primed(p) on the basis of rational human function . The jump point of planning his bright metropolis - a residential area.\n\n most always a place where people are works - fructify , telephone circuit center, - arose without his menage . This creates difficulties for the race galled . Le Corbusier proposes to inhibit them, creating a supposed elongated city. running(a) city Le Corbusier is not straight on the plane , and the line move on a real relief pitcher , grave in it and use the most well-to-do place for all elements of the city. Corbusier does not fit the nature of the labour , to the far-fetched adorn , an abstract subject , but kinda includes the city in a particular ornament . I. .. proposed a encyclopaedic intellect - Corbusier writes nigh unfulfilled project planning Algeria. - It dissects a single blow impasses that comes too promptly suppuration city . Im intellection of refulgent city , set(p ) in the center of the brilliant adorn : the thresh , the sea , the book of maps band range , mountains of Kabylia . For each of the 500,000 inhabitants ... for each of them , I have provided the dispose , the sea and the mountains , which will be plain from the windows of the houses and their inhabitants will create a strong and agreeable picture. \n\nIn 1922 appears the project contemporary metropolis for ternary jillion inhabitants. In this project, Le Corbusier contrasted pure solution disorganized city building cities of the capitalist wolfram .'